Micheli Pecharki | 15 set 2020
Quando falamos em menopausa, a maioria das mulheres pensa na osteoporose e nas ondas de calor. No entanto, nem todas sabem que a menopausa pode provocar o aumento dos níveis de colesterol. Além disso, estudos indicam que cerca de 80% das mulheres, eventualmente, desenvolvem hipertensão arterial na fase de menopausa.
A hipertensão, assim como o colesterol alto, constituem fatores de risco importantes para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.
Segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde, o infarto e o AVC (Acidente Vascular Cerebral) são as principais causas de morte em mulheres com mais de 50 anos no Brasil. Quer saber por que isso ocorre e como você pode se prevenir? Acompanhe o artigo a seguir.
Após os 50 anos, os níveis de colesterol se estabilizam nos homens e aumentam nas mulheres, assim como o LDL, conhecido como colesterol “ruim”.
Na perimenopausa (período imediatamente anterior à menopausa que estende-se até o primeiro ano após a última menstruação), ocorrem alterações no perfil lipídico. Os níveis de colesterol total e do LDL aumentam e, na pós-menopausa, as mulheres apresentam concentrações mais altas de colesterol total, LDL e triglicerídeos.
A pressão alta (hipertensão arterial) é um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.
Segundo a Diretriz Brasileira sobre Prevenção de Doenças Cardiovasculares em Mulheres Climatéricas, cerca de 80% das mulheres, eventualmente, desenvolverão hipertensão arterial na fase de menopausa.
A incidência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica aumenta tanto com a idade, quanto com o início da fase pós-menopausa.
A pressão alta contribui para aproximadamente 35% de todos os eventos cardiovasculares e cerca de 45% dos casos de infarto que não são diagnosticados em mulheres, o que eleva o risco de Doença Arterial Coronariana em quatro vezes comparada a mulheres que possuem pressão arterial normal.
A hipertensão arterial acomete, geralmente, mulheres de 45 a 55 anos, período que marca o início do climatério (período de transição da fase reprodutiva para a fase de pós-menopausa), quando a produção de estrogênio pelos ovários decresce gradativamente. Desta forma, a mulher perde a importante proteção cardiovascular promovida pelo estrogênio.
Além de todas essas recomendações, é importante estar com os exames em dia. Um simples exame de Perfil Lipídico já pode indicar alterações nos níveis de colesterol.
Você pode realizar esse exame – e também fazer a aferição da pressão arterial – em muitas farmácias. Programas de orientação para quem deseja perder peso e parar de fumar são outros serviços disponíveis nesses locais. O eletrocardiograma também alerta para possíveis doenças no coração, consulte o seu médico.
Se você gostou do que aprendeu, aproveite para divulgar o conteúdo para os seus amigos nas redes sociais. Setembro é o mês do coração procure os profissionais de saúde!
Micheli é Bióloga. Acredita que transformar o conhecimento técnico em algo acessível é essencial para que as pessoas saibam como cuidar mais da própria saúde e vivam, assim, com mais qualidade de vida.
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