Hilab | 12 fev 2020
As gorduras trans são um tipo de lipídio (gordura) pouco comum na natureza, sendo produzidas apenas no estômago de alguns animais ruminantes, como os bovinos, e artificialmente, pelo ser humano, na indústria alimentícia.
As gorduras trans não possuem demanda por parte do organismo e, nem mesmo, trazem algum benefício quando são consumidas.
Acompanhe o artigo a seguir e descubra os motivos pelos quais você deve evitar consumir esse tipo de gordura.
O consumo excessivo de gorduras trans pode elevar os níveis de colesterol total e de LDL (colesterol ruim). Além disso, sua ingestão também está ligada a uma maior excreção de HDL, o colesterol bom.
A elevação dos níveis de colesterol aumenta a deposição de gorduras nas paredes dos vasos sanguíneos, o que proporciona maior risco de infarto, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e outras doenças cardiovasculares.
Além disso, também eleva o risco de desordens visuais e do sistema nervoso em crianças, câncer de mama, câncer de cólon, diabetes, obesidade, alergias, pré-eclâmpsia e câncer de cólon.
A indústria alimentícia aplica a gordura trans em larga escala na maioria dos alimentos. A margarina é o insumo com maior taxa de gorduras trans na dieta humana, correspondendo quase em sua totalidade a gordura hidrogenada.
Outras grandes fontes de gordura trans são os alimentos ultraprocessados: biscoitos, especialmente os recheados, frituras, molhos para salada, salgadinhos, bolos, sorvetes, chocolates, massas instantâneas, pratos industrializados, entre outros.
Por esse motivo, é importante dar preferência a uma alimentação natural. Consumindo alimentos in natura como frutas e verduras e evitando alimentos ultraprocessados, como os citados anteriormente, você também estará evitando o consumo de gordura trans.
Em estudo publicado em novembro de 2019, na revista Neurology, por Honda et al, foi demonstrada correlação entre o consumo diário de gorduras trans e um maior risco para o desenvolvimento de demência e da placa aterosclerótica (placa de gordura em vasos sanguíneos).
Os participantes com maior concentração sanguínea de ácido elaídico, um representante dessas gorduras, apresentaram aumento de 53% no risco de desenvolverem a doença.
Tanto a Anvisa quanto o FDA (agência responsável pela regulamentação de comidas e drogas nos Estados Unidos) vêm, cada vez mais, fechando o cerco quando o assunto é gordura trans.
Ambas as agências recomendam o consumo zero deste tipo de gordura e constantemente criam mais barreiras para as indústrias responsáveis pela produção.
No Brasil, até 2023, as gorduras parcialmente hidrogenadas serão totalmente banidas dos alimentos consumidos no país. Além disso, em julho de 2021, a concentração das gorduras trans em alimentos não deverá ultrapassar 2%. Até lá, cabe a cada um coordenar a própria dieta.
ANVISA. Regulamentação – Publicada norma sobre gordura trans em alimentos. Disponível em: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/noticias/-/asset_publisher/FXrpx9qY7FbU/content/anvisa-aprova-controle-de-gordura-trans-em-alimentos/219201?p_p_auth=T3AFibTm&inheritRedirect=false>. Acesso em: 05 de fevereiro de 2020.
Medscape. Trans Fats Tied to Increased Dementia Risk. Disponível em:<https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/920428#vp_1>. Acesso em: 05 de fevereiro de 2020.
Journal of Food Science and Technology. Trans fats – sources, health risks and alternative approach – A review. Disponível em:<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13197-010-0225-8#citeas>. Acesso em: 05 de fevereiro de 2020.
UNIFESP. Portal Saúde. Estilo de Vida Saudável. Gordura trans – você pode estar ingerindo mais do que imagina. Disponível em:<http://www.saude.br/index.php/articles/123-artigos-antigos/296-gordura-trans-voce-pode-estar-ingerindo-mais-do-que-imagina>. Acesso em: 05 de fevereiro de 2020.
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